Butterfly effect · a demonstration

Sensitive Dependence

240 double pendulums · released 1.0×10⁻⁴ rad apart

1.0×10⁻⁴ rad
a thousand times smaller only delays the bloom by seconds
240
more of them, a denser bloom
Mean gap between outer bobs and pendulum 0 · log scale
Lyapunov time ≈ …

Illustrative simulation: exact double-pendulum equations, RK4 at dt = 0.004 s, unit arm lengths and masses.R restart · T trails · S slow · F skip · Space pause